1 Contents

1.1 Learning Path for Experimentation

Priority Topics for Experimentation: 1. Experimental Studies → RCT (A/B Testing 직접 원형) 2. Causal Inference (전체 섹션 - 실험의 이론적 기초) 3. Effect Modification (Heterogeneous Treatment Effects) 4. Sample Size and Power (실험 설계 필수) 5. Propensity Score Methods (Observational causal inference)

Recommended Study Order:

Phase 1 (1-2주): Foundations + Study Designs → Focus on RCT and experimental principles

Phase 2 (1주): Measures of Association and Impact → Effect measures calculation practice

Phase 3 (2주): Causal Inference ⭐ → DAG practice, Counterfactual framework → Most critical for experimentation

Phase 4 (1주): Bias and Confounding + Study Fundamentals → Sample size calculations → Validity considerations

Phase 5 (선택): Advanced Topics → As needed for specific applications

1.2 Foundations

1111-11-11, Epidemiologic Concepts
- 1111-11-11, Incidence vs. Prevalence (발생률 vs. 유병률)
- 1111-11-11, Population at Risk (위험인구)
- 1111-11-11, Exposure and Outcome (노출과 결과)
1111-11-11, Study Design Framework (연구설계 프레임워크)
- 1111-11-11, Descriptive vs. Analytical Studies (기술 vs. 분석 연구)
- 1111-11-11, Observational vs. Experimental Studies (관찰 vs. 실험 연구)
- 1111-11-11, Time Relationship (시간적 관계)

1.3 Study Designs

2023-02-27, Types of Study Designs in Epidemiology
- 1111-11-11, Descriptive Studies (기술연구)
  - 1111-11-11, Case Reports and Case Series (증례보고 및 증례군)
  - 1111-11-11, Ecological Studies (생태학적 연구)
- 1111-11-11, Observational Analytical Studies (관찰 분석연구)
  - 1111-11-11, Cross-sectional Studies (단면연구)
  - 1111-11-11, Case-control Studies (환자-대조군 연구)
  - 1111-11-11, Cohort Studies (코호트 연구)
    - 1111-11-11, Prospective Cohort (전향적 코호트)
    - 1111-11-11, Retrospective Cohort (후향적 코호트)
- 1111-11-11, Experimental Studies (실험연구) ⭐
  - 1111-11-11, Randomized Controlled Trial (무작위 대조 시험) ⭐
  - 1111-11-11, Quasi-experimental Studies (준실험 연구)
  - 1111-11-11, Before-after Studies (전후 연구)
  - 1111-11-11, Factorial Design (요인 설계)
- 1111-11-11, Evidence Synthesis (근거 통합)
  - 1111-11-11, Systematic Reviews (체계적 문헌고찰)
  - 1111-11-11, Meta-analyses (메타분석)

1.4 Measures of Association and Impact

2026-05-08, Effect Measures: 효과·영향·인과 추정량 종합 ⭐ — RD/ARR/NNT/AR/PAR + ATE/ITT/LATE + p/CI/power/Cohen’s d + E-value + OEC/MDE 통합
2023-05-23, Measures of Risk: Relative Risk & Odds Ratio — RR/OR 정의 (위 글의 base)
2023-05-23, Measures in Epidemiology
- 1111-11-11, Contingency Tables and Basic Measures (분할표와 기본 측정)
  - 1111-11-11, 2x2 Contingency Tables (2x2 분할표)
  - 1111-11-11, Risk, Rate, and Odds (위험, 비율, 오즈)
- 1111-11-11, Measures of Association (연관성 지표)
  - 1111-11-11, Relative Risk (상대위험도)
  - 1111-11-11, Odds Ratio (오즈비)
  - 1111-11-11, Rate Ratio (비율비)
- 1111-11-11, Measures of Effect (효과 지표)
  - 1111-11-11, Risk Difference (위험차이)
  - 1111-11-11, Relative Risk Reduction (상대위험감소)
  - 1111-11-11, Absolute Risk Reduction (절대위험감소)
  - 1111-11-11, Number Needed to Treat (치료필요수)
- 1111-11-11, Measures of Impact (영향 지표)
  - 1111-11-11, Attributable Risk (기여위험도)
  - 1111-11-11, Attributable Risk Percent (기여위험분율)
  - 1111-11-11, Population Attributable Risk (인구기여위험도)
  - 1111-11-11, Population Attributable Risk Percent (인구기여위험분율)
- 1111-11-11, Statistical Inference (통계적 추론)
  - 1111-11-11, Confidence Intervals (신뢰구간)
  - 1111-11-11, Hypothesis Testing (가설 검정)
  - 1111-11-11, p-values and Interpretation (p-값과 해석)

1.5 Causal Inference ⭐

1111-11-11, Causation in Epidemiology (역학에서의 인과관계)
- 1111-11-11, Causation Concepts (인과관계 개념)
  - 1111-11-11, Necessary vs. Sufficient Causes (필요조건 vs. 충분조건)
  - 1111-11-11, Component Causes (구성요인)
  - 1111-11-11, Induction Period (유도기간)
- 1111-11-11, Bradford Hill Criteria (Bradford Hill 기준)
  - 1111-11-11, Strength of Association (연관성의 강도)
  - 1111-11-11, Consistency and Replication (일관성과 재현성)
  - 1111-11-11, Specificity (특이성)
  - 1111-11-11, Temporality (시간적 선후관계)
  - 1111-11-11, Biological Gradient (생물학적 기울기)
  - 1111-11-11, Plausibility and Coherence (개연성과 일관성)
  - 1111-11-11, Experiment and Analogy (실험과 유추)
- 1111-11-11, Counterfactual Framework (반사실적 프레임워크) ⭐
  - 1111-11-11, Potential Outcomes (잠재결과)
  - 1111-11-11, Average Treatment Effect (평균 처치효과)
  - 1111-11-11, SUTVA (안정단위처치값 가정)
- 1111-11-11, Directed Acyclic Graphs (방향성 비순환 그래프) ⭐
  - 1111-11-11, Causal Pathways (인과 경로)
  - 1111-11-11, Confounding Paths (교란 경로)
  - 1111-11-11, Colliders and Selection Bias (충돌자와 선택 편향)
  - 1111-11-11, d-separation (d-분리)
- 1111-11-11, Propensity Score Methods (성향점수 방법)
  - 1111-11-11, Propensity Score Matching (성향점수 매칭)
  - 1111-11-11, Inverse Probability Weighting (역확률 가중)
  - 1111-11-11, Propensity Score Stratification (성향점수 층화)
  - 1111-11-11, Covariate Adjustment (공변량 조정)

1.6 Bias and Confounding

1111-11-11, Bias in Epidemiologic Studies (역학 연구의 편향)
- 1111-11-11, Types of Bias (편향의 종류)
  - 1111-11-11, Selection Bias (선택 편향)
  - 1111-11-11, Information Bias (정보 편향)
  - 1111-11-11, Misclassification Bias (오분류 편향)
    - 1111-11-11, Non-differential Misclassification (비차별적 오분류)
    - 1111-11-11, Differential Misclassification (차별적 오분류)
1111-11-11, Confounding (교란)
- 1111-11-11, Definition and Criteria (정의와 기준)
- 1111-11-11, Positive vs. Negative Confounding (양성 vs. 음성 교란)
- 1111-11-11, Residual Confounding (잔여 교란)
1111-11-11, Effect Modification (효과 수정) ⭐
- 1111-11-11, vs. Confounding (교란과의 구분)
- 1111-11-11, Statistical Interaction (통계적 상호작용)
- 1111-11-11, Biological Interaction (생물학적 상호작용)
1111-11-11, Control Methods (통제 방법)
- 1111-11-11, Design Stage Methods (설계 단계 방법)
  - 1111-11-11, Restriction (제한)
  - 1111-11-11, Matching (매칭)
- 1111-11-11, Analysis Stage Methods (분석 단계 방법)
  - 1111-11-11, Stratification Analysis (층화 분석)
  - 1111-11-11, Standardization (표준화)
  - 1111-11-11, Regression Adjustment (회귀 조정)

1.7 Study Design Fundamentals

1111-11-11, Sample Size and Power (표본 크기와 검정력) ⭐
- 1111-11-11, Type I Error (1종 오류, α)
- 1111-11-11, Type II Error (2종 오류, β)
- 1111-11-11, Statistical Power (통계적 검정력, 1-β)
- 1111-11-11, Effect Size (효과 크기)
- 1111-11-11, Sample Size Calculation (표본 크기 계산)
1111-11-11, Randomization Methods (무작위 배정 방법)
- 1111-11-11, Simple Randomization (단순 무작위배정)
- 1111-11-11, Block Randomization (블록 무작위배정)
- 1111-11-11, Stratified Randomization (층화 무작위배정)
1111-11-11, Validity in Epidemiologic Studies (역학 연구의 타당도)
- 1111-11-11, Internal Validity (내적 타당도)
- 1111-11-11, External Validity (외적 타당도)
- 1111-11-11, Construct Validity (구성 타당도)

1.8 Screening and Diagnostic Tests

2026-05-08, Diagnostic & Screening Measures: 진단·분류 평가 지표 종합 ⭐ — Sn/Sp/PPV/NPV/LR±/DOR/Youden’s J/AUC/Brier/Calibration/NRI/IDI + Bayesian update + 진단 메타분석
1111-11-11, Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests (진단검사 평가)
- 1111-11-11, Test Performance Measures (검사 성능 지표)
  - 1111-11-11, Sensitivity (민감도, True Positive Rate)
  - 1111-11-11, Specificity (특이도, True Negative Rate)
  - 1111-11-11, Positive Predictive Value (양성 예측도, PPV)
  - 1111-11-11, Negative Predictive Value (음성 예측도, NPV)
- 1111-11-11, Likelihood Ratios (우도비)
  - 1111-11-11, Positive Likelihood Ratio (양성 우도비, LR+)
  - 1111-11-11, Negative Likelihood Ratio (음성 우도비, LR-)
  - 1111-11-11, Pre-test to Post-test Probability (사전-사후 확률)
- 1111-11-11, Trade-offs and Optimization (상충관계와 최적화)
  - 1111-11-11, ROC Curve (ROC 곡선)
  - 1111-11-11, Area Under Curve (곡선하면적, AUC)
  - 1111-11-11, Optimal Cut-point Selection (최적 절단값 선택)
- 1111-11-11, Bayesian Interpretation (베이지안 해석)
  - 1111-11-11, Bayes’ Theorem Connection (베이즈 정리와의 연결)

1.9 Survival Analysis

2026-05-08, Time-to-Event Measures: 시간-사건 분석 지표 종합 ⭐ — IR/IRR/HR/KM/log-rank/Cox PH/SMR·SIR/Causal Survival/메타분석 통합
1111-11-11, Time-to-Event Analysis (시간-사건 분석)
- 1111-11-11, Basic Concepts (기본 개념)
  - 1111-11-11, Censoring (중도절단)
  - 1111-11-11, Survival Function (생존함수)
  - 1111-11-11, Hazard Function (위험함수)
- 1111-11-11, Kaplan-Meier Method (Kaplan-Meier 방법)
  - 1111-11-11, Non-parametric Estimation (비모수 추정)
  - 1111-11-11, Log-rank Test (로그순위 검정)
- 1111-11-11, Cox Proportional Hazards Model (Cox 비례위험모형)
  - 1111-11-11, Semi-parametric Model (준모수 모형)
  - 1111-11-11, Hazard Ratio (위험비)
  - 1111-11-11, Proportional Hazards Assumption (비례위험 가정)
- 1111-11-11, Advanced Survival Topics (고급 생존분석 주제)
  - 1111-11-11, Competing Risks (경쟁위험)
  - 1111-11-11, Recurrent Events (반복사건)

1.10 Advanced Topics

1111-11-11, Advanced Study Designs (고급 연구설계)
- 1111-11-11, Cluster Randomized Trials (군집 무작위 시험)
- 1111-11-11, Stepped Wedge Designs (단계적 쐐기 설계)
- 1111-11-11, Adaptive Designs (적응형 설계)
- 1111-11-11, Platform Trials (플랫폼 시험)
1111-11-11, Advanced Causal Methods (고급 인과추론 방법)
- 1111-11-11, Instrumental Variables (도구변수)
- 1111-11-11, Regression Discontinuity Design (회귀불연속 설계)
- 1111-11-11, Difference-in-Differences (이중차분법)
- 1111-11-11, Synthetic Control Methods (합성 통제 방법)
1111-11-11, Advanced Statistical Methods (고급 통계 방법)
- 1111-11-11, Multilevel/Hierarchical Modeling (다층/계층 모델링)
- 1111-11-11, Meta-analysis (메타분석)
  - 1111-11-11, Fixed Effects Model (고정효과 모형)
  - 1111-11-11, Random Effects Model (무선효과 모형)
  - 1111-11-11, Meta-regression (메타회귀분석)
- 1111-11-11, Missing Data Methods (결측치 처리 방법)
  - 1111-11-11, MCAR, MAR, MNAR (결측 메커니즘)
  - 1111-11-11, Multiple Imputation (다중대체)
- 1111-11-11, Measurement Error Models (측정 오차 모형)
1111-11-11, Special Topics (특수 주제)
- 1111-11-11, Time-varying Confounding (시간가변 교란)
- 1111-11-11, Mediation Analysis (매개분석)
- 1111-11-11, G-methods (G-방법)
  - 1111-11-11, G-computation (G-계산)
  - 1111-11-11, Inverse Probability Weighting (역확률 가중)
  - 1111-11-11, G-estimation (G-추정)
- 1111-11-11, Sensitivity Analysis (민감도 분석)
- 1111-11-11, Marginal Structural Models (주변구조모형)

1.11 Causal Survival Analysis

1111-11-11, Causal Survival Analysis (인과적 생존분석)
- 1111-11-11, Hazards and Risks in Causal Framework (인과적 프레임워크에서의 위험과 위험률)
- 1111-11-11, IP Weighting for Survival (생존분석에서의 역확률 가중)
- 1111-11-11, G-formula for Survival (생존분석에서의 G-공식)
- 1111-11-11, Censoring and Causal Inference (중도절단과 인과추론)

1.12 Variable Selection for Causal Inference

1111-11-11, Variable Selection in Causal Inference (인과추론에서의 변수 선택)
- 1111-11-11, Confounder Selection (교란변수 선택)
- 1111-11-11, High-dimensional Data and Causal Inference (고차원 데이터와 인과추론)